Is it safe to use expired medications?

Medications come with expiration dates for a reason, but many people wonder: Is it safe to use expired medications? While it may seem harmless to take pills or tablets past their expiration date, the truth is more complicated. Let’s break down the risks and what you should do with expired medicine.

The expiration date on a medication indicates the time until the manufacturer can guarantee the full potency and safety of the drug. After this date, the chemical composition of the medication can begin to change, which may affect its effectiveness and, in some cases, its safety.

Key things to know about expiration dates:

• Expiration dates are based on stability testing under specific conditions.
• They reflect the point when the manufacturer can no longer guarantee the product’s quality.

Risks of Using Expired Medications

Using expired medications comes with potential risks, and the severity of these risks depends on the type of medication.

1. Decreased Effectiveness
   Medications may lose their potency after expiration, meaning they may not work as intended. This can be particularly dangerous for life-saving medications like nitroglycerin, insulin, or EpiPens, where precise dosing is critical.
2. Potential Harm
   Some medications can become harmful over time due to chemical changes. For example, expired tetracycline (an antibiotic) has been known to cause kidney damage in rare cases.
3. Contaminants
   If stored improperly, medications can grow bacteria, mold, or other contaminants, further compromising their safety.
4. Misdiagnosis
   If an expired medication doesn’t work effectively, it could delay proper treatment for your condition, potentially worsening the issue.

What Should You Do with Expired Medications?

If you come across expired medications, it’s best to dispose of them safely. Here’s how to handle them:

• Don’t flush them unless the label or your pharmacist specifically advises it. Flushing can harm the environment by introducing chemicals into the water supply.
• Use a drug take-back program if available in your area. These programs allow you to safely dispose of expired or unused medications.
• Dispose of them at home responsibly if a take-back program isn’t an option. Mix the medication with something unappealing like coffee grounds or cat litter, seal it in a plastic bag, and throw it in the trash.

If you’re unsure about whether a specific expired medication is safe to use, consult your pharmacist or healthcare provider. They can give you personalized advice based on the type of medication and your current needs.